Elements of Auditing is a comprehensive guide designed for students pursuing undergraduate courses at the University of Allahabad, mainly catering to the syllabus of B.Com. | Part-II, Group’ E’, Paper-203 – Auditing.

This book provides an in-depth analysis of auditing principles and practices structured to facilitate a clear and detailed understanding of key auditing concepts. It integrates relevant Standards on Auditing issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, offers insights into landmark cases, and covers pertinent provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 concisely and straightforwardly.

The Present Publication is the Latest Edition authored by Prof. (Dr) Aruna Jha, Anuj Bhatia and Dr Ruchi Gupta with the following noteworthy features:

• [Clear and Lucid Explanations] Concepts are explained straightforwardly and concisely, making the subject accessible to students
• [Practical Examples] Numerous examples are provided throughout the text to illustrate real-life applications of auditing concepts, helping students connect theory with practice
• [Extensive Use of Tables and Figures] Visual aids such as tables and figures are used extensively to clarify complex concepts and enhance understanding
• [Integration of Relevant Statutes] The book incorporates relevant statutes and regulatory requirements, ensuring that students are well-versed in the legal aspects of auditing
• [End-of-Chapter Questions] Each chapter concludes with important questions designed to test students’ knowledge and understanding of the topics covered, aiding in exam preparation

The structure of the book is as follows:

• Introduction
  • The book begins by covering auditing basics, including its meaning, scope, objectives, and limitations. It discusses the audit process and different types of audits (interim, final, continuous, internal, and external) and compares auditing with investigation
• Internal Check
  • This chapter discusses the concept of internal check, its objectives, and its implications. It distinguishes internal check from internal control and internal audit and details essential features of a sound internal check system across various areas such as purchases, sales, stock, and payroll
• Vouching of Transactions
  • This chapter discusses the meaning, objectives, and principles of vouching. It covers the reliability of vouchers, vouching of specialised and trading transactions, and the significance of vouching cash transactions
• Verification and Valuation
  • This chapter explains the verification and valuation of assets and liabilities, outlining general principles and auditor duties. Guidelines from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India are included, along with specific procedures for various types of assets and liabilities
• Company Auditor
  • This chapter covers the appointment, qualifications, disqualifications, remuneration, and removal of company auditors. It also details the rights, duties, powers, and liabilities of auditors under the Companies Act 2013
• Auditor’s Report
  • This chapter analyses the scope, content, and types of audit reports, including qualified, modified, and unqualified reports. Considerations for making qualifications in reports and specimen formats are also provided.
• Audit of Banking and Insurance Companies
  • This chapter addresses the unique aspects of auditing banking and insurance companies, detailing the specific points and frameworks applicable to these audits
• Cost Audit and Management Audit
  • This chapter explains the objectives, significance, and processes of cost and management audits. It also discusses the professional misconduct aspects relevant to cost audits under the Cost Accountants Act
• Tax Audit and Secretarial Audit
  • This chapter covers the meaning, objectives, and processes involved in tax and secretarial audits, providing a comprehensive understanding of these specialised areas of auditing
• Audit Planning and Documentation
  • This chapter focuses on considerations for commencing an audit, including the creation of an audit programme and maintaining proper audit documentation
• Audit Evidence and Sampling
  • This chapter discusses the importance of audit evidence and the principles of audit sampling, including test checking and selective verification
• Specialised Audits
  • The chapter covers audits specific to banking and insurance companies, elaborating on their frameworks, key financial items, and the peculiarities of these industries
• Liabilities of Auditor
  • The book concludes with a detailed examination of the civil and statutory liabilities of auditors under common law and the Companies Act 2013